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<h1 align="center"><span class="pagetitle">Embedded Functionality in HTML...</span><br>
<font size=2>= <span class="sitetitle">Index DOT Html</span> by <a href="../../misc/email.htm">Brian Wilson</a> =</font></h1>
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<table border=3 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0>
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     <td valign=top align=center>
     <a href="#justify">Justification</a> |
     <a href="#use">Uses for Embedding</a><br>
     <a href="#javascript">More about JavaScript</a> |
     <a href="#timelines">JavaScript Timelines</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
     <td valign=top align=center><big><a href="#related">Related Sites</a></big></td>
</tr>
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<a name="justify"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Justification for Embedding Capabilities in HTML</b></big>
    <dd>HTML has developed quite a bit since its beginnings, but let's face
        it - HTML is only a language meant to attach semantic meaning and rendering
        cues to documents. In recent history, the scope and functionality of web
        pages has been extended far beyond the capabilities that mere HTML alone
        can produce. This has been accomplished by allowing programatic capabilities
        and embedded objects in the context of the HTML page. HTML has control of
        the location, size, invocation and other properties of the objects, but
        their functionality is driven by other technology - Java applications,
        scripting functionality, Plug-ins and more.
</dl>
<br>

<a name="use"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Uses for Embedding Functionality</b></big>
<dt><b class="subheading">Java Applets</b>
<dt>[ <a href="a/applet.htm">APPLET</a>, <a href="o/object.htm">OBJECT</a>,
      <a href="p/param.htm">PARAM</a> ]
    <dd>Java is a programming language (not a document markup language like HTML)
        that has gained wide acceptance in Web applications. The APPLET element is
        the HTML interface used to invoke a Java Applet, and the PARAM element is
        used to pass parameter values to the Java application. The OBJECT element,
        although not listed under the 'Embedded Functionality' umbrella, also belongs
        here - one of its many functions is to absorb all of the functionality of the
        APPLET element.

<dt><b class="subheading">Web Page Scripting <br> (JavaScript/JScript/ECMAScript/VBScript/Etc.)</b>
<dt>[ <a href="s/script.htm">SCRIPT</a>, <a href="n/noscript.htm">NOSCRIPT</a> ]
    <dd>Scripting languages allow web pages to become dynamic. Scripts allow
        programmatic logic and actions to be performed in response to events
        that occur when experiencing a web page. The SCRIPT element allows
        scripting statements to be included in an HTML Document structure. The
        NOSCRIPT element is an element used to mark a section of a document for
        display only in cases of SCRIPT element incompatibility/backward compatibility.

<dt><b class="subheading">Browser Plug-Ins</b>
<dt>[ <a href="e/embed.htm">EMBED</a>, <a href="n/noembed.htm">NOEMBED</a> ]
    <dd>The Plug-in technology created by Netscape allows media performance
        capacity to expand by leaps and bounds. Previously, browsers were limited
        by their inherent capabilities. Now, a browser can be extensible through
        the use of a &quot;Plug-In&quot; (usually third party) that allows it
        to recognize varying non-conventional technologies or media formats
        that are not actively supported by the browser without the Plug-in. The
        NOEMBED element is used to mark a section of a document for rendering only
        in cases of EMBED element incompatibility or for backward compatibility.

<dt><b class="subheading">In-Line Frames</b>
<dt>[ <a href="i/iframe.htm">IFRAME</a> ]
     <dd>This is an extension to Netscape's frames concept (static document
  layout) by Microsoft. It allows other HTML documents to be placed in an
     HTML document the way one would place an HTML in-line image
     (<a href="i/image.htm">IMG</a>.) Coincidentally, this basic concept was
     the original intent of the <a href="e/embed.htm">EMBED</a> element until
     Plug-ins were introduced.
</dl>
<br>

<a name="javascript"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">More About JavaScript</b></big>
    <dd>JavaScript, originally known as LiveScript, was created by Netscape
        for its Navigator 2.0 version. Microsoft created its own version of
        JavaScript for Internet Explorer 3.0 called JScript (the name JavaScript
        is owned by Netscape.) Netscape's version is the original though, and it 
        was the basis for the now-standard EcmaScript.)
        <br><br>

        The term &quot;Java&quot; in JavaScript appears to be a marketing tie-in
        with Sun's Java programming language. And that is where the apparent
        similarities end - JavaScript is <em>NOT</em> a subset of Java:

    <dd><br>
        <table border=3 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 width="90%">
        <tr>
            <th><b class="subheading"><big>JavaScript</big></b></th>
            <th><b class="subheading"><big>Java</big></b></th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>
            <ul>
            <li>A web scripting language developed by Netscape
            <li>Interpreted (not compiled) by client
            <li>Object-based. Code uses built-in, extensible objects, but no classes
                or inheritance
            <li>Code integrated with, and embedded in HTML
            <li>Variable data types not declared (loose typing)
            <li>Dynamic binding. Object references checked at run-time
            <li>Cannot (yet) automatically write to hard disk
            </ul></td>
            <td valign=top>
            <ul>
            <li>A multi-platform programming language developed by Sun.
            <li>Compiles to byte-codes that are interpreted by a platform-independent
                &quot;Virtual Machine&quot;
            <li>Compiled on server before execution on client
            <li>Object-oriented. Applets consist of object classes with inheritance
            <li>Applets distinct from HTML (accessed from HTML pages)
            <li>Variable data types must be declared (strong typing)
            <li>Static binding. Object references must exist at compile-time
            <li>Cannot automatically write to hard disk
            <li>Theoretically secure
            </ul></td>
        </tr>
        </table>
</dl>


<a name="timelines"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Javascript/VBScript Timelines and Standardization</b></big>
     <dd>The two main implementations of JavaScript continue to have many differences
      and incompatibilities. To ease this problem, several companies (including
   Microsoft and Netscape) have worked with ECMA to create an official
   accepted specification for the JavaScript language. Known as ECMA-262
   or EcmaScript, this standard is now under consideration for standardization
   by the Industry Standards Organization (ISO) as well. EcmaScript most
   closely resembles (with a few variations) the version of JavaScript
   found in Netscape Navigator 3.0 (JavaScript 1.1.)

     <dd><br><table border=2 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5>
     <tr>
     <th colspan=3><b><big class="subheading">JavaScript</big></b></th>
     <th rowspan=6 bgcolor="#808080">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
     <th colspan=3><b><big class="subheading">JScript/VBScript</big></b></th>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <th valign=bottom><b class="l3heading">JavaScript<br>Version</b></th>
     <th rowspan=5 bgcolor="#808080">&nbsp;</th>
  <th valign=bottom><b class="l3heading">Netscape<br>Shipping<br>Vehicle</b></th>
     <th valign=bottom><b class="l3heading">JScript/<br>VBScript<br>Version</b></th>
     <th rowspan=5 bgcolor="#808080">&nbsp;</th>
  <th valign=bottom><b class="l3heading">Microsoft<br>Shipping<br>Vehicle</b></th>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <td align=center>1.0</td><td align=center>Nav 2.0x</td>
  <td align=center>1.0</td><td align=center>IE 3.0x</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <td align=center>1.1</td><td align=center>Nav 3.0x</td>
  <td align=center>2.0</td><td align=center>IIS 3.0</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <td align=center>1.2</td><td align=center>Nav 4.0-4.05</td>
  <td align=center>3.0</td><td align=center>IE 4.0x/IIS 4.0</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <td align=center>1.3</td><td align=center>Nav &gt;= 4.06</td>
     <td align=center>5.0</td><td align=center>IE 5.0</td>
     </tr>
     <tr><th colspan=7><b class="alert">ECMAScript Compliant:</b><br>
     JavaScript 1.3 &amp; above; JScript 3.0 &amp; above</th></tr>
     </table>
</dl>




<a name="related"></a>
<br>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Related Sites</b></big>
<dt><b class="subheading">Official References</b>
<dt><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt" class="relevant">http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant">RFC 1866: The HTML 2.0 specification (plain text)</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/" class="relevant">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant">The web version of the HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866) specification</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Wilbur/" class="relevant">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Wilbur/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant">The HTML 3.2 (Wilbur) recommendation<br>
        [This is the first inclusion of the APPLET element in an official spec. Scripting
        is also mentioned in passing.]</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/" class="relevant">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant">The HTML 4.0 Recommendation<br>
        [Includes all 2.0, and 3.2 elements plus Script, Noscript and Iframe]</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/new_html3_prop.html#Embed" class="relevant">http://www.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/new_html3_prop.html#Embed</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Embed:</b>
        Netscape's &quot;New HTML 3.0 proposals&quot; page</span>
<dt><a href="http://java.sun.com" class="relevant">http://java.sun.com</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Java:</b> Sun's official Java site.</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-262.HTM">http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-262.HTM</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">ECMA-262 (EcmaScript):</b> Official specification.</span>
<dt><a href="http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/javascript.html" class="relevant">http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/javascript.html</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">JavaScript:</b> Netscape's documentation for the JavaScript language.</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/vbscript/us/techinfo/vbsdocs.htm" class="relevant">http://www.microsoft.com/vbscript/us/techinfo/vbsdocs.htm</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">VBScript:</b> Microsoft's official documentation for VBScript.</span>
<dt><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/html/reference/elements.asp" class="relevant">http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/html/reference/elements.asp</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant">Internet Explorer Tag reference<br>
        [Details Applet, Iframe, and Script (Embed is also mentioned, but they
        recommend OBJECT instead.)]</span>
<br><br>

<dt><b class="subheading">Tutorials</b>
<dt><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/" class="relevant">http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Java:</b> Sun's Java Tutorial</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.disordered.org/Java-QA.html" class="relevant">http://www.disordered.org/Java-QA.html</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Java:</b> &quot;Making Sense of Java&quot;</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.devx.com/" class="relevant">http://www.devx.com/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">VBScript, Java, XML and others:</b> &quot;DevX&quot;</span>
<dt><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/vbscript/us/techinfo/VBsfaq.htm" class="relevant">http://www.microsoft.com/vbscript/us/techinfo/VBsfaq.htm</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">VBScript:</b> Microsoft's VBScript FAQ</span>
<br><br>

<dt><b class="subheading">Other Related Links</b>
<dt><a href="http://webdeveloper.earthweb.com/" class="relevant">http://webdeveloper.earthweb.com/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Java and Javascript:</b> Gamelan/Developer.com<br>
        [This site has a ton of resources, tutorials, examples, etc on Java,
        JavaScript <em>AND</em> VBScript. Gamelan is under "Software Development".]</span>
<dt><a href="http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/jsresource.html" class="relevant">http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/jsresource.html</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">JavaScript:</b> Netscape list of JavaScript Resources</span>
<dt><a href="http://home.netscape.com/comprod/products/navigator/version_2.0/plugins/" class="relevant">http://home.netscape.com/comprod/products/navigator/version_2.0/plugins/</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Plug-ins:</b> Netscape's list of Plug-ins.</span>
<dt><a href="http://browserwatch.internet.com/plug-in.html" class="relevant">http://browserwatch.internet.com/plug-in.html</a>
    <dd><span class="relevant"><b class="l3heading">Plug-ins:</b> BrowserWatch's &quot;Plug-In Plaza&quot;</span>
</dl>

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